Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques have developed tremendously over the past decades, from unprecedented resolutions allowing atomic scale imaging to the development of in-situ cells allowing for imaging under gas or liquid environment [1-2]. Many of the advanced TEM tools are becoming increasingly important for characterization of heterogeneous catalysts, as they provide unique insight into catalysts morphology and chemical composition at nano- and atomic-scale [3]. Besides 2D imaging, catalysts morphology can be imaged in three dimensions with electron tomography, which lead to unravelling of some important nanoscale features that are inaccessible to other techniques, such as heterogeneities in metal loading or tortuosity of catalyst mesopore networks [4]. Recently developed liquid-phase TEM (LP-TEM) has great potential for nanoscale imaging of processes relevant for catalysts synthesis and application. LP-TEM studies performed in the past years mainly focused on the growth of metallic nanoparticles from solutions, and pointed to important effects the electron beam can have [5-6]. Radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions proved to be the most challenging as it leads to the formation of highly reactive species such as eaq-, H•, OH•, H2, H2O2, H+, OH-. These species can locally change the chemistry in the LP-TEM cell, triggering reactions such as reduction of metal ions or dissolution of oxides. Our recent study showed that this change in chemistry can destabilize amorphous silica [6], leading to its reshaping and dissolution. Using acetic acid (Figure 1) proved to supress silica destabilization. Establishing imaging conditions in LP-TEM under which adverse effects will be minimized and suppressed is of great importance for further development and application of this technique.

Speakers

Assistant Professor Jovana Zecevic

Jovana Zecevic is currently Assistant Professor at Utrecht University, The Netherlands